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Ontario Archaeology 1960-1969

Understanding Iroquois Pottery in Ontario
Volume:  Special Publication
Year:  1968
Author:  EMERSON, J. N.
Page Range:  1 – 132
Abstract:  This version is the 1968 Special Publication, originally published in 1956 as OA3.

The Short Site:  A Preliminary Report
Volume:  OA6
Year:  1962
Author:  William S. Donaldson
Page Range:  1 – 7
Abstract:  none


The Fletcher Site:  Part I
Volume:  OA6
Year:  1962
Author:  MARSHALL, G. R.
Page Range:  8 – 11
Abstract:  Not available


The Fletcher Site:  Part II
Volume:  OA6
Year:  1962
Author:  MARSHALL, G. R.
Page Range:  12 – 14
Abstract:  Not available


Archaeological Research in the Rouge
Volume:  OA6
Year:  1962
Author:  DONALDSON, W. S.
Page Range:  15 – 21
Abstract:  Not available


The Boyd Site:  A Report and Appraisal
Volume:  OA7
Year:  1962
Author:  DONALDSON, W. S.
Page Range:  4 – 20
Abstract:  When the Metropolitan Conservation Authority purchased the Boyd property near Woodbridge, Ontario, for development as a public park, they were informed by The Ontario Archaeological Society that it contained an archaeological site. Since recovery, preservation, and public education are mutual aims of these two bodies, arrangements were soon completed to have this site excavated, the recovered material analysed, and artifacts prepared for inclusion in a public education display planned for this park.


The Thomas Site: A Late Prehistoric Village
Volume:  OA7
Year:  1962
Author:  DONALDSON, W. S.
Page Range:  21 – 38
Abstract:  During an archaeological survey of Reach Township, Ontario County, in the spring of 1955, the author discovered several sites whose surface material indicated a relationship to contact sites being reported from Huronia. As these sites lay well south-east of that area, a more intensive study seemed warranted. Accordingly, a large, relatively untouched site on Lot 18, Concession 14, was selected. Permission was obtained from the owner and several test squares excavated.


A Pre-Iroquois Burial Site
Volume:  OA7
Year:  1962
Author:  ANDERSON, J. E.
Page Range:  39 – 46
Abstract:  Bosomworth site in West Gwillimbury Township near Bradford, Ontario was excavated in the autumn of 1958 by the University of Toronto and the Ontario Archaeological Society under the direction of Professor J. Norman Emerson. Two areas were excavated: a pre-Iroquois village site and a cemetery of primary individual shallow pit burials. Excavation of the latter was a salvage operation, the burials having been uncovered in a gravel pit. A preliminary report on the village site (Emerson: 1959) draws attention to the fact that association of the village and burial sites is not yet definite. A detailed report on this site will be done when analysis of material from subsequent excavations is complete.


Indian Rock Paintings
Volume:  OA7
Year:  1962
Author:  ROGERS, D. P.
Page Range:  47 – 48
Abstract:  In the summer of 1961 the author conducted a geological survey of an area of approximately 1200 square miles in northwestern Ontario for the Ontario Department of Mines. During the course of this survey the author and his party noted five new locations of Indian Rock paintings.


The King’s Forest Park Site
Volume:  OA8
Year:  1965
Author:  DONALDSON, W. S.
Page Range:  3 – 10
Abstract:  Salvaged material from an Iroquoian campsite, probably at the Glen Meyer stage of development, is described from Hamilton, Ontario. The presence of mottled grey chert as the material for the manufacture of artifacts indicates a relationship to the eastern Glen Meyer focus.


A Mill at Sainte Marie I
Volume:  OA8
Year:  1965
Author:  RUSSELL, W. A.
Page Range:  11 – 17
Abstract:  The aqueducts, trenches and basins between the north and south compounds at Sainte Marie I are reconsidered and the alternative explanation of an undershot waterwheel driving a gristmill is offered. The explanation of a canal and lock system for canoes is further discussed and reasons for its abandonment stated.


Iroquoian Development in the Rouge Watershed, Ontario – Part I: The Elliot Site
Volume:  OA8
Year:  1965
Author:  DONALDSON, W. S.
Page Range:  18 – 38
Abstract:  A late Uren Iroquoian settlement in which hunting and fishing and the cultivation of corn and tobacco are evident is described. The site was occupied over a short period of time, including at least some of the summer, was apparently undefended and without a palisade. Pottery was manufactured at the site during its occupation.


Other Ideas on `The Ontario Iroquois Controversy’
Volume:  OA8
Year:  1965
Author:  PENDERGAST, J. F.
Page Range:  39 – 44
Abstract:  No abstract


The Multi-Component Montgomery Lake Site
Volume:  OA9
Year:  1966
Author:  MITCHELL, B. M., P. BUTLER, J. FORD, & J. LANCE
Page Range:  4 – 24
Abstract:  This report places on record a description of the artifacts excavated from a site in the National Defence Training Grounds, within Camp Petawawa Military Reserve, near Petawawa, Ontario, which includes a very small sample of European trade goods, suggesting terminal occupation by a contact group, with earlier Archaic, Middle Woodland and Late Woodland artifacts.


The Kaministikwia Intaglio Dog Effigy Mound
Volume:  OA9
Year:  1966
Author:  DAWSON, K. C. A.
Page Range:  25 – 34
Abstract:  The search for and subsequent location and excavation of a zoomorphic intaglio effigy mound near Port Arthur, Ontario, is described. Absence of artifacts prevent positive identification as to cultural affinity.


A Bibliography of Ontario Archaeology
Volume:  OA9
Year:  1966
Author:  KENYON, W. A.
Page Range:  35 – 62
Abstract:  No Abstract


Isolated Copper Artifacts from Northwestern Ontario
Volume:  OA9
Year:  1966
Author:  DAWSON, K. C. A.
Page Range:  63 – 68
Abstract:  Over the last three years, there have been a number of finds of copper artifacts in the area immediately north of Lake Superior. Most have been single finds, and all are fabricated from native copper. The following records descriptions of the finds.


The Surma Site, Fort Erie, Ontario
Volume:  OA9
Year:  1966
Author:  EMERSON, J. N., & W. C. NOBLE
Page Range:  69 – 88
Abstract:  The excavation of the Surma Site, Fort Erie, Ontario, was carried out by the Department of Anthropology of the University of Toronto with the kind permission and helpful interest of Mr. and Mrs. Robert Surma, owners of the Queen’s Hotel, Fort Erie (Pl. I). The work was a salvage operation carried out from May 16th to May 26th, 1965, under the field directorship of Mr. William C. Noble. The excavation was made possible by a sponsoring grant allocated by the Research Committee in the Humanities and Social Sciences of the University of Toronto. This site was designated ArGf-1, using the Borden System of Reference (Borden, 1952).

A Comparison of St. Lawrence River Valley Iroquoian Sites with the Dawson Site
Volume:  OA10
Year:  1967
Author:  PENDERGAST, J. F.
Page Range:  3 – 11
Abstract:  Note: This paper was read by the author, on behalf of the National Museum of Canada, at the 1966 Conference on Iroquois Research, held at Sagamore, N.Y., 21-23 October. The portion of the paper regarding the Dawson site, which may or may not be that of Cartiers Hochelaga, is derived from a recently completed detailed study of that site undertaken for the National Museum of Canada by the author and a number of co-authors each writing on his particular discipline.

Excavation With A Backhoe
Volume:  OA10
Year:  1967
Author:  WALKER, I. C.
Page Range:  12 – 17
Abstract:  It is suggested that in certain situations, and under careful control, the use of a backhoe as an archaeological tool may be a useful means of saving use of labour.

A Hillside Midden, King’s Forest Park Site
Volume:  OA10
Year:  1967
Author:  FOX, W. A.
Page Range:  18 – 28
Abstract:  This report lists the finds made in an excavation of a midden on the King’s Forest Park site subsequent to the Society’s excavation carried out in the spring of 1963.

A Fluted Point from Collingwood Township, Ontario
Volume:  OA10
Year:  1967
Author:  GARRAD, C.
Page Range:  29 – 33
Abstract:  A broken fluted point is described from Collingwood Township, Grey County, Ontario. This is the first such report from Grey County and extends the known range northwards.

The Excavation of Fort Pic, Ontario
Volume:  OA10
Year:  1967
Author:  GALL, P. L.
Page Range:  34 – 63
Abstract:  The Fort Pic Site is located in the District of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, on the west bank of the mouth of the Pic River (Fig. 1). The area has been under continued archaeological investigation since an initial excavation by Griffin and Quimby in 1957 (Quimby, 1961:83), including a joint archaeological expedition of the University of Toronto and the National Museum of Canada in 1960 (Emerson, n.d.). These previous investigators were primarily concerned with the Indian cultural manifestations. An expedition in 1964 was supported by a grant from the Archaeological and Historic Sites Board of the Province of Ontario and was primarily concerned with the historic occupation, mainly involving the ‘New firm’ or Hudson Bay Company Post. This post was the last of a series of occupations of the site by various traders and fur companies.


The Borden Site Designation Scheme Applied to Ontario
Volume:  OA10
Year:  1967
Author:  GARRAD, C.
Page Range:  64 – 71
Abstract:  Some aspects of adopting for local Ontario use the national Site Designation Scheme devised by Dr. Charles E. Borden are explored.


Bones and Archaeology in Ontario
Volume:  OA11
Year:  1968
Author:  CYBULSKI, J. S.
Page Range:  3 – 7
Abstract:  No Abstract

Analysis of the Skeletal Remains from the Surma Site, Fort Erie, Ontario
Volume:  OA11
Year:  1968
Author:  CYBULSKI, J. S.
Page Range:  8 – 26
Abstract:  A population of approximately 22 individuals from a late Middle Woodland to Late Woodland burial site in Ontario is examined in this report. Aspects of morphological variation, pathology, and dental pattern are included in the study. Comparisons with other prehistoric peoples from the province suggest that this group had belonged to an incipient agricultural community. The population is transitional in morphology between Middle and Late Woodland skeletal groups. In continuous morphological characters, the crania generally resemble that of the Iroquois physical variety.

Pedology as a Tool in Archaeological Investigations
Volume:  OA11
Year:  1968
Author:  FENWICK, I. M.
Page Range:  27 – 38
Abstract:  It would seem, that in several respects soil investigations could be of particular value to archaeologists. Clearly an appreciation of the pedogenic processes involved in profile formation and horizon differentiation would allow of more rapid and meaningful interpretation of many excavations. In particular, an ability to recognize with certainty buried turf lines (even though they may appear to be very indistinct) is obviously a valuable capacity. However, for the environmental archaeologist working in Ontario the recognition of eroded soils and the provision of data on the past vegetation cover would seem to be nothing less than vital.

A New Location for Carhagouha, Recollect Mission in Huronia
Volume:  OA11
Year:  1968
Author:  HEIDENREICH, C. E.
Page Range:  39 – 46
Abstract:  In a previous paper the author attempted a new reconstruction of the distribution of Huron villages and Catholic missions in Huronia. This study was made in the light of four 17’th century maps and a careful reading of contemporary documents. One of the more radical departures from previous studies is the location of Carhagouha, which the author feels was located on Midland Bay, the position it occupies on a map believed to have been drawn by Father Bressani in 1657. This paper is part of a talk given at the March meeting of the Ontario Archaeological Society.

Vision Pits, Cairns and Petroglyphs at Rock Lake, Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario
Volume:  OA11
Year:  1968
Author:  NOBLE, W. C.
Page Range:  47 – 64
Abstract:  This report represents an account of a series of pits, cairns and petroglyphs excavated, mapped and documented at Rock Lake, Algonquin Park, during August 15 to September 6, 1962. The work, directed by the author with the capable assistance of Mr. John M. Young, was carried out for Dr. J. Norman Emerson of the Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, on a research grant supplied by the Canada Council.

Type and Attribute Analysis: Their Application to Iroquois Culture History
Volume:  OA11
Year:  1968
Author:  WRIGHT, J. V.
Page Range:  65 – 69
Abstract:  No Abstract


Archaeological Investigations at the Site of the Longlac Historic Trading Post, Thunder Bay District, Ontario
Volume:  OA12
Year:  1969
Author:  DAWSON, K. C. A.
Page Range:  3 – 61
Abstract:  The purpose of this report is to present the evidence from an archaeological excavation of the historic Longlac trading post site, carried out in 1964. The report describes the site and the artifacts, and summarizes the archaeological field work. Since the artifacts relate apparently to three traditions at the site, they are of inestimable importance, and since it was not easy to arrange those of European origin, a functional classification was made, following closely that used in the River Basin Surveys. (Woolworth and Wood, 1960).


Iron Trade Knives on Historic Petun Sites
Volume:  OA13
Year:  1969
Author:  GARRAD, C.
Page Range:  3 – 15
Abstract:  Historic Petun Sites in Southern Ontario have yielded a variety of iron knives of French origin. These appear to fall into five main types, each of which is described and discussed in this paper.

Some Social Implications of the Iroquois ‘In Situ’ Theory
Volume:  OA13
Year:  1969
Author:  NOBLE, W. C.
Page Range:  16 – 28
Abstract:   Development of three northeastern Iroquois Traditions (Wright 1966; Noble 1968). Continuing studies substantiate ‘in situ’ development to the point that MacNeish’s once simplistic ‘enfant terrible’ has matured and may now be considered a bona fide theory.”

The MacDougald Site
Volume:  OA13
Year:  1969
Author:  PENDERGAST, J. F.
Page Range:  29 – 53
Abstract:  The report sets out a detailed description of the site location and the artifacts recovered. It concludes that the site is one of a number of small Iroquoian sites near the St. Lawrence River which are either farm hamlets or fishing stations used by the inhabitants of nearby major Iroquoian villages located further inland from the St. Lawrence River. The site is assessed as being a fishing station but at present sufficient data is not available to suggest an affiliation with a major village site in the area.

Bear Jaw Tools from Petun Sites
Volume:  OA13
Year:  1969
Author:  GARRAD, C.
Page Range:  54 – 60
Abstract:  A number of purposefully modified bear jaws are reported and described. The writer has recovered eight bear-jaws all having similar modification and wear-pattern characteristics, six of which are illustrated and described in detail in this paper. The exact purpose of the modification is unknown, but it would seem reasonable that it was to convert the jaw into a tool. A study of the wear-polish allows some suggestions to be made concerning the possible use of these tools.